“Schools and workplaces accord knowledgeable skill a reified existence, turning it into something to be ‘acquired’ and its transmission into an institutional motive.” (p. 79)

Vygotsky:

Lave:

internalization

individual cognition

social cognition

(reproduces, evolves)

schooling:

individuals learn

community develops

(knowledge, practices)

breaks the mediation of community & individual

alienation of learning (degrees)

commodification of knowledge (facts)